How to Restrain certain types of Cargo :-
Top heavy articles should be wedged , shored and lashed to prevent topping .
Heavy weight should be secured to stout ring - bolts (sited in the container floor and side walls ) and be shored with timber . They should be chained or wired with bottle screws .
Resilient loads can caused lashings to slacken - this may sometimes be overcome by introducing elasticity may be rubber rope into lashing pattern .
No securing of pallets is necessary if the distance between pallets and container wall is 4'' (100mm) or less . Pallets must not be allowed any longitudinal movement . If it is necessary to secure them , stow the pallets against the container walls and wadge wood block between the pallets . It may be necessary to insert sheets of board between the pallet loads to protect them against chafing and prevent bags , cartons , etc . interweaving and jamming the stowage .
Stowage Precautions :-
In the majority of cases , there is space left between the face of the cargo and container doors . It is important that the cargo does not collapse into th space . It can be prevented in a variety of ways , such as :
1) Using suitable positioned lashing points with wire , rope , strapping , etc. woven across .
2) Inserting a simple wooden gate for the wider gaps and heaver cargo .
3) Providing filler peaces for narrower gaps and lighter cargoes like cartoons of biscuits .
It is always necessary to restrain the cargo for one or more of the following reasons :-
----- To prevent collapse the stow while packing , unpacking or during transit
----- To stop any movement during transit of pat loads or of single heavy items , the heavier the item the more damage it will do if allowed to move .
----- To prevent the face of the stow collapsing and learning against the container doors to fall out when the doors are opened at the final destination or for customs inspection .
Methods of Securing Cargo :-
The more common methods of securing cargo are ;
Shoring :- bars , struts and spars located in the cargo voids to keep the cargo press against the walls or other cargo .
Lashing :- ropes , wires , chains , strapping or netting secure to proper anchoring points and tensioned against the cargo .
Wedging :- Wooden distance pieces , pads of synthetic materials , inflatable dunnage to fill voids in the cargo and keep in immobile against the container walls .
Locking :- Cargo built up to give a three dimensional brick well effect .
